Scale of Sexual Prejudice Against Bisexuals: evidence of validity / Escala de Preconceito Sexual Contra Bissexuais: evidências de validade / Escala de Prejuicio Sexual Contra Bisexuales: evidencia de validez

Sexual prejudice against bisexuals is widespread in society. However, little research has been done on this phenomenon because it is difficult to measure. The aim of the current study was to validate a short version of the Biphobia Scale for the Brazilian context (EPSB-br). In the first study, the EPSB-br showed unifactorial structure and convergent validity with scales measuring beliefs and stereotypes about bisexuality. Study 2 showed the EPSB-br's convergent-discriminant validity with scales measuring religiosity, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and sleepiness. Finally, Study 3 demonstrated the criterion-related validity of the EPSB-br through an experimental manipulation in which participants watched a video of a pretend teacher and assigned a salary to it. Taken together, these results showed evidence of validity and reliability of the EPSB-br, which introduced a measure of prejudice against bisexual people in Brazil. (AU)

O preconceito sexual contra bissexuais é fortemente presente na sociedade. Entretanto, este fenômeno ainda é pouco estudado, dada a dificuldade em sua mensuração. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de validar uma versão reduzida da Biphobia Scale para o contexto brasileiro. No primeiro estudo, a Escala de Preconceito Sexual contra Bissexuais (EPSB-br) apresentou uma estrutura unifatorial e uma validade convergente com escalas que mensuram crenças e estereótipos sobre a bissexualidade. O Estudo 2 evidenciou a validade concorrente-discriminante da EPSB-br com a religiosidade, escalas de autoritarismo de direita, orientação à dominância social e sonolência. Por fim, o Estudo 3 demonstrou a validade de critério da EPSB-br a partir de uma manipulação experimental, na qual os participantes assistiram a um vídeo sobre um professor e atribuíram-lhe um salário. A síntese dos resultados mostrou evidências de validade e confiabilidade da EPSB-br, introduzindo uma medida de preconceito contra pessoas bissexuais no Brasil. (AU)

Lo Prejuicio Sexual contra Bisexuales está muy presente en la sociedad. Sin embargo, es un fenómeno poco estudiado, dada la dificultad de medirlo. Este trabajo buscó validar una versión reducida de la Biphobia Scale para el contexto brasileño. En el primer estudio, la EPSB-br presentó una estructura unifactorial y validez convergente con escalas que miden creencias y estereotipos sobre la bisexualidad. El estudio 2 evidenció la validez concurrente-discriminante de la EPSB-br con escalas de religiosidad, autoritarismo de derecha, orientación al dominio social y somnolencia. Finalmente, el Estudio 3 demostró la validez de criterio de la EPSB-br a través de una manipulación experimental, donde los participantes vieron un video sobre un maestro y le asignaron un salario. La síntesis de los resultados mostró evidencia de validez y confiabilidad de la EPSB-br, introduciendo una medida de prejuicio contra las personas bisexuales en Brasil. (AU)

Validación de dominios y competencias por grupos focales y juicio de expertos / Validation of domains and competencies by focus groups and expert judgment

Resumen El Consejo Mexicano de Ginecología y Obstetricia certifica a los especialistas para ejercer su especialidad y brindar una atención de alta calidad a las pacientes. En la actualidad, el Consejo está rediseñando el examen de Certificación en Ginecología y Obstetricia orientado a la evaluación de competencias profesionales a partir de las actividades profesionales confiables que permitan identificar los dominios de la competencia médica en un especialista. La competencia es una variedad de habilidades ejercidas a través de múltiples dominios o aspectos del desempeño profesional; sus descriptores requieren que contengan habilidades relevantes, contexto y la etapa o nivel de evaluación. Por su parte, los dominios son un conjunto de competencias clave. Este informe incluye los resultados de la primera validación en México de dominios y competencias para la evaluación de los ginecoobstetras a partir de una metodología cualitativa que comprende una revisión de la bibliografía, grupos focales, análisis de trabajos colegiados y validación por juicio de expertos. Los resultados se presentan divididos por los ocho dominios en los que se trabajó, se mencionan los comentarios más relevantes a discutir por los cuatro grupos focales. Éstos y la validación por expertos permitió reunir comentarios valiosos, coherentes y funcionales para el sistema de evaluación que quiere llevar a cabo el Consejo. Este ejercicio permitirá el posterior desarrollo de la tabla de especificaciones, reactivos o nuevos instrumentos de evaluación coherentes con un sistema de dominios, competencias y actividades profesionales confiables.

Abstract The Mexican Council of Gynecology and Obstetrics certifies specialists to practice their specialty and provide high-quality healthcare to patients. Currently, the Council is redesigning the Gynecology and Obstetrics Certification exam, oriented to the evaluation of professional competencies based on reliable professional activities that allow the identification of domains of a specialist's medical competencies. Competency can be defined as a variety of skills across multiple domains or aspects of professional performance. Its descriptors require to contain relevant skills, context, and the stage or level of assessment. Domains can be described as a set of competencies that are considered essential. This report includes the results of the first validation done in Mexico. The validation of domains and competencies for the evaluation of physicians in the area of Obstetrics and Gynecology is based on a qualitative methodology that includes a literature review, focus groups, analysis of collegiate works, and validation through expert judgment. The obtained results are divided into eight domains that mention the most relevant observations that were discussed by the four focus groups. The focus groups and the validation through expert judgment made it possible to gather valuable, coherent, and functional feedback for the evaluation system that the Council wants to carry out. This method will allow the subsequent development of the table of specifications, items, or new evaluation instruments congruent with a system of domains, competencies, and reliable professional activities.

Application of asthenopia survey scale in patients with accommodative asthenopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the visual fatigue of patients with accommodative asthenopia and the difference in scores before and after treatment by using the asthenopia survey scale(ASS), and to evaluate its reliability, validity and responsiveness in this population.METHODS: A total of 112 patients with accommodative asthenopia were admitted to the department of ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and recruited online were investigated using the ASS questionnaire, and 48 subjects were randomly selected and retested 1wk later. A variety of reliability, validity and responsiveness indicators were used to evaluate the scale.RESULTS: The overall Cronbach's α coefficients of the scale entries was 0.91; The split-half reliability coefficients was 0.86; Repeated measurement correlation coefficient of the scale total score was 0.74, there was no significant difference before and after(P>0.05); The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the absolute fit index of the three-factor structural model was χ2/df<2.0, RMSEA=0.08; The correlation coefficients of each dimension's total score and the scale's total score were 0.92, 0.90 and 0.83 respectively; The standard association validity analysis showed statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.01). Response analysis was statistically significant before and after treatment(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The ASS has high reliability, validity and responsiveness in the clinical evaluation of accommodative asthenopia, and it's an effective tool for clinical research and screening of asthenopia in this population.

Validez de contenido de la escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa, primer nivel de atención del sistema público, municipios de La Paz y El Alto, enfoque intercultural / Content validity of the perception scale of the quality of outpatient care, first level of care of the public system, municipalities of La Paz and El Alto, intercultural approach

OBJETIVO Determinar la validez de contenido para determinar los elementos que constituyen la escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa en el primer nivel de atención del sistema público. MATERIAL Y METODO Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, diseño de validación de instrumento documental, realizado durante septiembre y noviembre de la gestión 2022, en 2 municipio el Alto y La Paz, la validez de contenido contó con la participación de 4 expertos, y la prueba piloto con una muestra de 42 participantes. Para el juicio de expertos se utilizó el Coeficiente de validez de contenido de Hernández Nieto. En la prueba piloto se estimó el porcentaje de no respuesta, abandono y tiempo de llenado. Se realizó todos los procedimientos estadísticos con ayuda del programa SPSSv26. RESULTADOS La validez de contenido por juicio de expertos obtuvo un puntaje adecuado con validez y concordancia buenas (0,81), con adecuada coherencia, claridad, escala y relevancia. Como resultado de la prueba piloto la tasa de no respuesta fue de 4,7%. La tasa de no respuesta y la tasa de abandono por ítem fueron de 0. El promedio que tardaron los encuestados en completar el instrumento fue de 9,6 min. La fiabilidad del instrumento por dimensión fue aceptable y bueno (>0,6) para 3 de las 5 de las dimensiones teóricas. Mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio se evidenció la unidimensionalidad del constructo, con un total de 17 ítems en su estructura. CONCLUSION El instrumento tiene validez de contenido adecuado con una fiabilidad preliminar aceptable

OBJECTIVE To determine the content validity to determine the items that make up the scale of perception of the quality of outpatient care at the first level of care in the public system. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a quantitative study, a documentary instrument validation design, carried out during September and November 2022, in 2 municipalities, El Alto and La Paz cities. The content validity was assessed with the participation of 4 experts, and the pilot test was carried out with a sample of 42 participants. For the expert judgment, the content validity coefficient of Hernández Nieto was used. The pilot test estimated the percentage of non-response, abandonment and completion time. All statistical procedures were performed with the help of the SPSSv26 program. RESULTS The content validity by expert judgment obtained an adequate score with good validity and concordance (0.81), with adequate coherence, clarity, scale and relevance. As a result of the pilot test, the non-response rate was 4.7%. The nonresponse rate and dropout rate per item were 0. The average time taken by respondents to complete the instrument was 9.6 min. The reliability of the instrument per dimension was acceptable and good (>0.6) for 3 of the 5 theoretical dimensions. The exploratory factor analysis showed the unidimensionality of the construct, with a total of 17 items in its structure. CONCLUSIONS The instrument has adequate content validity with acceptable preliminary reliability.

Questionário de Condições de Trabalho para Servidores Universitários / Working Conditions Questionnaire for public workers in the university / Cuestionario de Condiciones Laborales para Servidores Universitarios

Adotamos o conceito de condições de trabalho abrangendo aspectos do conteúdo e do entorno do trabalho. Entretanto, havia a demanda de explorar as suas especificidades para servidores de universidades federais, visando uma melhor aproximação da realidade e, simultaneamente, explorar sua variabilidade histórica como esperado teoricamente. A pesquisa, então, almejou desenvolver uma versão do Questionário das Condições de Trabalho (QCT) para os servidores da UFMG e aperfeiçoá-lo. Modificamos o QCT adaptando itens e introduzindo outros; exploramos as estruturas fatoriais e avaliamos seu aperfeiçoamento psicométrico. Aplicamos questionários estruturados em 1.060 participantes. Por meio de análise fatorial exploratória, encontramos uma estrutura empírica com fatores de segunda e primeira ordem. Os de segunda ordem divergem das categorias teóricas aplicadas em pesquisas anteriores. Esses fatores e os primários (p. ex., Processo Burocrático e Participação) refletiram a percepção dos servidores acerca da realidade vivencial. A nova versão do QCT pode ser útil em diagnósticos ocupacionais. (AU)

We adopted the concept of working conditions covering the content and surrounding aspects of work. However, there is a need to explore its specificities for public workers in federal universities with the intention of constructing a better approximation to reality, and, simultaneously, exploring their historical variability as theoretical expected. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a version of the Working Conditions Questionnaires (WCQ) for UFMG's public workers and improve it. We changed the WCQ, adapting items and creating others; we explored the factorial structures; and evaluated their psychometric properties. We applied the structured questionnaire with 1,060 participants. Through exploratory factor analysis, we found an empirical structure with first and second order factors. The second order factors differed from the theoretical categories applied in previous studies. The factors found (e.g., Bureaucratic Process and Participation) reflected the public workers perception about the reality experienced. The new version of the WCQ can be useful in occupational diagnostics. (AU)

Adoptamos el concepto de condiciones laborales abarcando aspectos del contenido y del entorno del trabajo. Sin embargo, hubo una demanda de explorar sus especificidades para empleados de universidades federales, mirando una mejor aproximación de la realidad y, simultáneamente, explorar su variabilidad histórica como teóricamente se esperaba. La investigación, entonces, tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una versión del Cuestionario de Condiciones Laborales para los servidores de la UFMG, y mejorarla. Se modificó el QCT adaptando ítems y creando otros; se exploró las estructuras factoriales; y se evaluó su perfeccionamiento psicométrico. Los cuestionarios estructurados fueron contestados por 1.060 participantes. Por intermedio del análisis factorial exploratorio, se encontró una estructura empírica con factores de primer y segundo orden. Los de según orden difieren de las categorías teóricas de investigaciones previas. Estos factores y los primarios (por ejemplo, Procesos Burocráticos y Participación) reflejaron la percepción de los servidores acerca de la realidad vivencial. La nueva versión del QCT puede ser útil en diagnósticos ocupacionales. (AU)

Geração de itens e validação de conteúdo de domínios e de itens para o indivíduo com osteoartrite do joelho: um estudo de método misto / Item generation and content validation of domains with item pool for the individual with knee osteoarthritis: a mixed-method study

INTRODUÇÃO: Existem várias escalas para avaliar as percepções subjetivas e os componentes individuais em indivíduos com osteoartrite (OA) de joelho. Até o momento, não há escalas disponíveis conhecidas para medir o equilíbrio combinado entre mobilidade, AVD e QV em OA de joelho com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). OBJETIVO: Gerar itens e domínios relacionados aos problemas enfrentados pelos indivíduos com OA de joelhos e validar o conteúdo por especialistas. MÉTODOS: Os domínios e itens foram gerados através de pesquisa bibliográfica extensa (ELS) para extrair itens relacionados a equilíbrio, mobilidade, ADL e QV em indivíduos com OA em joelhos baseados na CIF e através de entrevista aprofundada direta (EAD) em 13 pessoas com OA de joelhos e três especialistas. A validação de conteúdo dos domínios e itens gerados foi validada por 10 especialistas por meio da pesquisa Delphi online. O índice mínimo de validação de conteúdo em nível de item (I-CVI) de 0,80 foi considerado para validar os itens identificados e o índice de validação de conteúdo em nível de escala geral (S-CVI) de 0,90 foi fixado para validar os itens gerados para uso no processo de desenvolvimento da escala. RESULTADOS: Os 117 itens gerados por EAD na ELS foram inicialmente agrupados em 18 domínios. A validação de conteúdo pelo método Delphi resultou em uma diminuição para 56 itens agrupados em 14 domínios com SCVI de 0, 93. CONCLUSÃO: O conjunto abrangente de itens de deficiência, limitação de atividade e restrição de participação para indivíduos com OA de joelhos nos domínios propostos foi desenvolvido e o conteúdo validado. Esses itens são recomendados para uso no desenvolvimento de uma nova escala abrangente de índice de osteoartrite do joelho (CKOAI).

INTRODUCTION: There are several scales to evaluate subjective perceptions and individual components in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (IKOA). Till date, no scale is available to measure the combined balance, mobility, ADL and QoL in IKOA based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to generate items and domains related to problems faced by IKOA and to validate the content by experts. METHODS: The domains and items were generated through extensive literature search (ELS) to extract items related to symptoms, balance, mobility, ADL and QoL in IKOA based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and through in-depth direct interview (IDDI) from 13 IKOA and three experts. The content validation of domains and items generated were validated by 10 experts through online Delphi survey. Minimum itemlevel content validation index (I-CVI) of 0.80 was considered to validate the identified items and the overall scale-level content validation index (S-CVI) of 0.90 was fixed to validate the generated items to use in scale development process. RESULTS: 117 items generated by IDDI and ELS were grouped under 18 domains initially. Content validation by Delphi method resulted in reduction with 56 item pool being grouped under the 14 domains with SCVI is 0.93. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction item pool for IKOA under the proposed domains, have been developed and content validated. These items are recommended for their use in development of new comprehensive knee osteoarthritis index scale (CKOAI).

Adaptación del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck en población de Buenos Aires / Adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in population of Buenos Aires / Adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in population of Buenos Aires

RESUMEN Introducción : En la actualidad los trastornos de ansiedad son los de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial, llegando a una tasa del 5% en Argentina en el año 2017. En ese sentido, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en investigación y clínica en la actualidad. En su construcción uno de los objetivos fue evaluar síntomas de ansiedad que no suelen evidenciarse en trastornos depresivos, motivo por el cual resulta un test relevante para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el BAI a población adulta de Buenos Aires. Método : Se realizó una traducción directa del inventario y luego un juicio de expertos para evaluar la validez de contenido. Se analizó la capacidad de discriminación de los reactivos y se evaluó la validez estructural de los diferentes modelos encontrados en la literatura. A su vez, se analizó la consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados : La adaptación presenta adecuada validez de contenido y los reactivos han demostrado discriminar de forma adecuada. A su vez, a partir de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados se optó por la solución más parsimoniosa que indica la unidimensionalidad del constructo aportando evidencia de validez de constructo. A su vez, la adaptación presenta una adecuada consistencia interna. Se ofrecen valores normativos tentativos Conclusión : Se han hallado evidencias de validez y confiablidad para la adaptación argentina del BAI. Se lo considera un instrumento de gran utilidad clínica.

ABSTRACT Background : Currently, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent worldwide, reaching a rate of 5% in Argentina in 2017. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is one of the instruments most used in research and clinic today. In its construction, one of the objectives was to evaluate anxiety symptoms that are not usually evident in depressive disorders, which is why it is a relevant test to make a differential diagnosis. The objective of this study was to adapt the BAI to the adult population of Buenos Aires. Methods : A direct translation of the inventory and then an expert judgment to assess the content validity were carried out. The discrimination capacity of the items was analyzed and the structural validity of the test was evaluated according to different models found in the literature. Also, the internal consistency of the instru-Publicación editada por el Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica - IPOPSObra bajo licencia de Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) 2ment was analyzed. Results : The adaptation presents adequate content validity and the items have been shown to discriminate adequately. As for the confirmatory factor analyzes, the most parsimonious solution, which indicates the one-dimensionality of the construct, was chosen, providing evidence of construct validity. In turn, the adaptation presents adequate internal consistency. Tentative normative values are offered. Conclusion : Evidence of validity and reliability has been found for the Argentine adaptation of the BAI. It is considered an instrument of great clinical utility.

ABSTRACT Background : Currently, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent worldwide, reaching a rate of 5% in Argentina in 2017. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is one of the instruments most used in research and clinic today. In its construction, one of the objectives was to evaluate anxiety symptoms that are not usually evident in depressive disorders, which is why it is a relevant test to make a differential diagnosis. The objective of this study was to adapt the BAI to adult population of Buenos Aires. Methods : A direct translation of the inventory and then an expert judgment to assess the content validity were carried out. The discrimination capacity of the items was analyzed, and the structural validity of the test were evaluated according to different models found in the literature. Also, the internal consistency of the instrument was analyzed. Results : The adaptation presents adequate content validity and the items have been shown to discriminate adequately. As for the confirmatory factor analyzes, the most parsimonious solution, which indicates the one-dimensionality of the construct, was chosen, providing evidence of construct validity. The adaptation presents adequate internal consistency. Tentative normative values are offered. Conclusion : Evidence of validity and reliability has been found for the Argentine adaptation of the BAI. It is considered an instrument of great clinical utility.

RESUMEN. Introducción : En la actualidad los trastornos de ansiedad son los de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial, llegando a una tasa del 5% en Argentina en el año 2017. En ese sentido, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en investigación y clínica en la actualidad. En su construcción uno de los objetivos fue evaluar síntomas de ansiedad que no suelen evidenciarse en trastornos depresivos, motivo por el cual resulta un test relevante para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el BAI a población adulta de Buenos Aires. Método : Se realizó una traducción directa del inventario y luego un juicio de expertos para evaluar la validez de contenido. Se analizó la capacidad de discriminación de los reactivos y se evaluó la validez estructural de los diferentes modelos encontrados en la literatura. A su vez, se analizó la consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados : La adaptación presenta adecuada validez de contenido y los reactivos han demostrado discriminar de forma adecuada. A su vez, a partir de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados se optó por la solución más parsimoniosa que indicala unidimensionalidad del constructo aportando evidencia de validez de constructo. A su vez, la adaptación presenta una adecuada consistencia interna. Se ofrecen valores normativos tentativos. Conclusión : Se han hallado evidencias de validez y confiablidad para la adaptación argentina del BAI. Se lo considera un instrumento de gran utilidad clínica.

Construcción y validación de una escala para medir estrategias usadas en el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de bachillerato / Construction and validation of a scale for assessing strategies used in self-regulated learning in high school students

Resumen Introducción: El Aprendizaje Autorregulado (AAR) contempla el uso de secuencias de procesamientos o actividades que facilitan la adquisición, procesamiento y uso de la información, mismas que se han vinculado fuertemente como predictores del desempeño académico (Dent & Koenka, 2016; Boruchovitch & Santos, 2015 p.20). Aunque se han desarrollado instrumentos para evaluar el AAR en educación superior, es necesario diseñar cuestionarios para estudiantes de bachillerato que abarquen estos predictores. Objetivo: Realizar análisis de parámetros de un banco de ítems, así como de confiabilidad y validez para construir la Escala de Estrategias de Autorregulación (EEAR) de Ortiz-Saavedra para estudiantes de bachillerato. Método: Estudio prospectivo y de validación psicométrica de un banco de ítems con una cohorte de 734 estudiantes de bachillerato de ambos sexos entre 15 y 19 años. Se realizó validación de contenido y psicométrica a través de Modelamiento por ecuaciones estructurales y la Teoría de la Respuesta al ítem, para integrar la EEAR. Resultados: Se validó la estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas (índices de discriminación y localización) de la EEAR que aseguran la estabilidad y precisión de las mediciones para las dimensiones hipotetizadas (α= ,92; CFI=,98; IFI=,98.; RMSEA= ,048 e IC RMSEA= 0,0370,058). Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió validar el desarrollo teórico y las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estrategias de autorregulación para estudiantes de bachillerato de la Cuidad de México. Además, permitió discutir aspectos teóricos, como la importancia de características personales y contextuales en las que el individuo desarrolla sus experiencias de aprendizaje, así como aspectos metodológicos en la evaluación del aprendizaje autorregulado, como la utilización de puntajes estandarizados, mismos que permiten identificar distintos niveles de autorregulación.

Abstract Introduction: Self-regulated Learning (SRL) consider the use of processing sequences or activities that facilItate the acquisition, processing and use of information, which have been strongly linked as predictors of academic performance (Dent & Koenka, 2016, Boruchovitch & Santos, 2015). Although several test have been developed to assess SRL in higher education, it is necessary to design questionnaires for high school students covering the predictors considered. Objective: Perform analysis of parameters of an item bank, as well as reliability and validity to build the Ortiz-Saavedra Self-regulation strategies scale (SRSS) for high school students. Method: Prospective study and psychometric validation of an item bank with a cohort of 734 high school students of both sexes between 15 and 19 years old. Content validation was performed, as well as psychometric validation through Structural Equation Modeling and Item Response Theory, to integrate the SRSS. Results: The factor structure and psychometric properties of the SRSS were validated to ensure the stability and precision of the measurements for the hypothesized dimensions (α= .92; CFI= .98; IFI= .98.; RMSEA= .048 e IC RMSEA= 0.0370.058). Conclusions: This study allowed to validate the theoretical development and psychometric properties of the Self-Regulation Strategies Scale for high school students of Mexico City. In addition, it allowed to discuss theoretical aspects, such as the importance of personal and contextual characteristics in which the individual develops his learning experiences; as well as methodological aspects in the evaluation of self-regulated learning, such as the use of standardized scores, which allow identifying different levels of self-regulation.

Construct validity of the Motor Development Scale (MDS)

Abstract Objective Construct validity for the Motor Development Scale (MDS) has not been established. The aim of this study was to examine whether the unidimensional model of MDS would be appropriate for children aged 4 to 6 years-old and provide construct validity for the items concerning this age group in Brazil. Methods A total of 938 children participated in the study (214 4-year-olds, 643 5-year-olds, and 81 6-year-olds). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate construct validity of the MDS using a unidimensional model. Results The CFA for the unidimensional model showed excellent adequacy indices for age 4: χ2(2) = 0.581, p = 0.748, comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.000, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 1.090, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.000 (90% confidence interval [90%CI] = 0.000 to 0.093, close fit [Cfit] = 0.841); age 5: χ2(2) = 2.669, p = 0.263, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.023 (90%CI = 0.000 to 0.085, Cfit = 0.682), weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) = 0.407; and age 6: χ2(9) = 8.275, p = 0.506, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.010, RMSEA = 0.000 (90%CI = 0.000 to 0.118, Cfit = 0.653), WRMR = 0.495. Reliability was good: ω = 0.87 (95%CI = 0.81 to 0.92). Conclusion The proposed unidimensional solution for the MDS provides a concise, parsimonious and reliable way to assess motor development in children aged 4 to 6 years.

Validación de la Escala de Involucramiento Emocional en Contextos de Aprendizaje en Línea / Validation of the Emotional Engagement Scale in Online Learning Contexts

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar, a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio, la validez de constructo de la Escala de Involucramiento Emocional en Contextos de Aprendizaje en Línea, que consta de las siguientes subescalas: Alegría anticipatoria, Entusiasmo-Disfrute y Orgullo. Participaron 146 alumnos del Bachillerato a Distancia del Estado de Puebla (52.7% mujeres, x - edad: 25, σ: 11 años). Se encontró que el ajuste de los datos empíricos a la estructura teórica original propuesta en la escala fue aceptable (GFI: 0.983, NFI: 0.978, y PNFI: 0.852). Con base en estos resultados, se argumenta que la base teórica del instrumento es sólida y que éste cuenta con una adecuada validez de constructo, por lo que puede considerarse como una herramienta válida y confiable para evaluar el involucramiento emocional del alumno en escenarios de aprendizaje en línea.

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine, through confirmatory factor analysis, the construct validity of the Emotional Engagement Scale in Online Learning Contexts, which consists of the following subscales: Anticipatory joy, Enthusiasm-Enjoyment and Pride. 146 students of the Distance Baccalaureate of the State of Puebla participated in the study (52.7% women, x - age: 25, σ: 11 years). Results showed that the adjustment of the empirical data to the original theoretical structure proposed in the scale was acceptable (GFI: 0.983, NFI: 0.978, and PNFI: 0.852). Based on these results, it is argued that the Emotional Engagement Scale in Online Learning Contexts has a solid theoretical base and it has adequate construct validity, so it can be considered as a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the emotional involvement of students in online learning settings.

The latent structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the latent structure of a web-based, Brazilian Portuguese version of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). Method: The sample consisted of 15,557 adult participants - 4,702 men and 10,855 women - with age ranging from 18 to 60 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the a priori conceptual 15-factor model presumed to underlie the YSQ-SF item set. Results: Most items displayed high levels of reliability (factor loadings greater than 0.7) and low liability to random measurement error (residual variances below 0.02), indicating that the a priori YSQ-SF factor structure is adequate. Discussion: These findings offer empirical evidence supporting YSQ-SF construct validity and, consequently, its application in adults.

Validation of Hindi (Indian) version of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) among 11–14 year old School Children

Context: Oral health is a fundamental aspect of general health which significantly affects quality of life (QoL) of an individual. Oral health-related QoL is a multidimensional concept determined by race, education, culture, and experiences related to oral diseases. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the Hindi (Indian) version of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) among 11–14-year-old school children in Rohtak City, Haryana, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 586 children in Rohtak city, Haryana, India, to find out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of CPQ11-14. The original version of CPQ11-14was translated to Hindi language, and the dental caries experience was measured by caries assessment spectrum and treatment index. Statistical Analysis: The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 18. Reliability was assessed in 2 ways: internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Construct validity was confirmed demonstrating statistically significant associations between total CPQ11-14 score and global ratings of oral health (P = 0.00) and overall well-being (P = 0.00). Mean CPQ11-14scores (20.30 ± 10.91) including all the domain scores were higher among children without dental caries when compared to children with dental caries (19.79 ± 9.88) and the instrument was not able to discriminate between two clinical groups significantly (P = 0.08). Conclusion: The Hindi version of the CPQ11-14 questionnaire is a reliable instrument having good reliability, good construct, and convergent validity but lacks discriminant validity. Shorter forms of CPQ11-14may be more useful when compared to original construct.

Inventario de Estilos de Pensamiento: Propiedades psicométricas en universitarios de Buenos Aires / Thinking Styles Inventory: Psychometric features in college students from Buenos Aires

Introducción: Los estilos de pensamiento permiten conocer cómo las personas utilizan sus aptitudes a la hora de resolver situaciones problemáticas. El Inventario de Estilos de Pensamiento (TSI) es uno de los instrumentos más difundidos a nivel mundial, diseñado para evaluar los 13 estilos de pensamiento formulados en la Teoría del Autogobierno Mental -Legislativo, Ejecutivo, Judicial, Monárquico, Jerárquico, Oligárquico, Anárquico, Global, Local, Interno, Externo, Liberal, Conservador. Método: Con el propósito de adaptar la escala a población universitaria local se revisaron aspectos lingüísticos así como la escala de respuesta. Tras un estudio piloto, se recogió una muestra de 361 estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires para efectuar análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio por un lado, y de consistencia interna por otro. Resultados: Se obtuvo una solución de 7 factores -Judicial/Liberal, Ejecutivo/Conservador, Externo, Monárquico, Global, Jerárquico, Legislativo- que logró conservar 45 de los 104 ítems puestos a prueba. Conclusión: La consistencia interna de los factores extraídos alcanzó valores apropiados. Se discuten los resultados a la luz del modelo teórico y se proponen futuras líneas de investigación.

Background: Thinking styles lead to describe how people use their abilities when they have to deal with problem solving situations. The Thinking Styles Inventory ­TSI- is one of the most worldwide employed scales, developed to assess 13 thinking styles posed in the Theory of Mental Self-government -Legislative, Executive, Judicial, Monarchic, Hierarchic, Oligarchic, Anarchic, Global, Local, Internal, External, Liberal, Conservative. Method: Aiming at the adaptation of the scale to local college students' population, linguistic aspects were reviewed as well as the response scale. After a pilot study, a sample composed of 361 college students from Buenos Aires responded the inventory in order to perform exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyzes on the one hand, and an internal consistency on the other. Result: A 7-factor structure -Judicial/Liberal, Executive/Conservative, External, Monarchic, Global, Hierarchic, Legislative-, was obtained. Conclusion: Such a version maintained 45 of the 104 tested items. Internal consistency of the extracted dimensions reached adequate values. Results are examined considering the theoretical model and further research lines.

Psychometric Properties of the Malay Version of the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire among Undergraduate Students at the Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia

@#Understanding the individual aspirations of exercise participation is important for promoting physical activity. However, there is a lack of evidence to validate a measurement instrument for exercise-based goal content among Malaysian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of the Goal Content in Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ) for a sample of Malaysian undergraduates. Methods: The original English version of the GCEQ underwent forward and backward translation into the Malay language. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The finalised Malay version was administered to 674 undergraduate students at the Health Campus of the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) with a mean age of 20.27 years (SD = 1.35 years). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for the psychometric evaluation. Results: The measurement model consisted of 20 observed items and five latent factors. CFA demonstrated adequate fit to the data: comparative fit index = 0.929; standardised root mean square residual = 0.052; root mean square error of approximation = 0.061 (90% CI = 0.056, 0.067). The composite reliability coefficients for the five latent factors ranged from 0.777 to 0.851. All the correlations between the factors were less than 0.85, so discriminant validity was achieved. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the Malay version of the GCEQ is valid and reliable for assessing goal content in the exercise context of undergraduates at the Health Campus, USM.

Validade dos critérios de classificação da osteoartrite de joelho: ELSA-Brasil Musculoesquelético (ELSA-Brasil ME) / Validity of the knee osteoarthritis classification criteria: ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal (ELSA-Brasil ME)

Introdução: Vários critérios de classificação de osteoartrite (OA) de joelhos estão disponíveis na literatura, geralmente divididos em clínicos, clínico-radiográficos e radiográficos. A existência de diferentes critérios de classificação de OA de joelhos dificulta uniformizar e comparar resultados em estudos epidemiológicos, assim como a investigação de fatores de risco e manifestações clínicas associados à OA de joelhos. O conhecimento sobre a capacidade desses diferentes critérios em discriminar indivíduos com e sem OA, assim como conhecer a força de associação de fatores de risco, da presença de dor e de limitação funcional com os diferentes critérios, é essencial para se compreender as vantagens e limitações do uso de cada um deles. Objetivo: avaliar a validade de diferentes critérios de classificação de OA de joelhos em uma amostra de servidores públicos acompanhados pelo Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto, ELSA-Brasil Musculoesquelético (ELSA-Brasil ME). Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal de validação de diferentes critérios de classificação de OA de joelho, a saber: OA sintomática, OA radiográfica, OA pelo American College of Rheumatology (ACR clínico e clínico-radiográfico) e OA pela definição do National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Os participantes do estudo foram provenientes da coorte ELSA-Brasil ME, um estudo ancilar ao Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). O ELSA-Brasil ME acompanha 2901 servidores públicos, ativos e aposentados, em um dos seis centros de investigação do ELSA-Brasil, localizado no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O presente estudo foi realizado em uma subamostra de conveniência com 250 participantes do ELSA-Brasil ME, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 39 e 78 anos. A avaliação foi feita por uma reumatologista (RCCM) no período de fevereiro de 2014 a junho de 2015. Apenas um joelho por indivíduo foi incluído, aquele com OA pela reumatologista. Quando ambos ou nenhum dos joelhos apresentava OA, foi feita a seleção por sorteio aleatório simples. Avaliou-se o desempenho dos critérios de classificação de OA descritos anteriormente, tendo como padrão-referência a avaliação clínico-radiográfica da reumatologista. Foram apresentados dados de prevalência, sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo e acurácia (IC 95%;α=5%). Posteriormente, a validade de construto convergente desses critérios foi avaliada a partir da associação entre a presença de OA de joelho identificada pelos critérios e as seguintes variáveis explicativas: índice de massa corporal (IMC), dor atual e limitação funcional (subjetiva e objetiva). A presença da dor atual em joelhos e a limitação funcional subjetiva foram avaliadas pelo Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) e a limitação funcional objetiva pelo teste sentar e levantar repetido. Associações foram testadas por modelos de regressão logística binária e multinomial (IC 95%;α=5%). Resultados: a idade média foi de 56,1 anos (DP=8,7), 51,2% eram homens. A maior prevalência de OA ocorreu na avaliação da reumatologista (39,2%), seguido de OA pelo NICE (36,8%) e pelo critério OA radiográfica (22,0%). OA radiográfica demonstrou sensibilidade e especificidade de 51,0% e 96,7%, respectivamente. A definição pelo NICE apresentou sensibilidade de 57,0% e especificidade de 76,3%. Os demais critérios mostraram boa especificidade, mas sensibilidade menor que 30,0%. Na avaliação de validade de construto convergente, IMC, dor atual e limitação funcional subjetiva se associaram à OA de joelho identificada por todos os critérios, sendo a magnitude da associação particularmente forte entre dor atual e OA segundo o critério ACR clínico (OR 21,7; IC95% 7,12-66,12) e entre limitação funcional subjetiva e OA segundo o NICE (OR 32,5; IC95% 13,4-79,0). Limitação funcional objetiva apresentou associação com os critérios OA sintomática e ACR clínico e clínico-radiográfico. Conclusões: o presente estudo demonstrou que dentre os critérios avaliados a OA radiográfica demonstrou melhor desempenho quanto à sensibilidade e especificidade, seguido pela definição de OA pelo NICE. Os critérios OA sintomática e OA pelo ACR clínico e clínico-radiográfico não se mostraram adequados para estudos que objetivam avaliar prevalência, devido à baixa sensibilidade dos mesmos. Entretanto, podem ser uma alternativa em estudos longitudinais nos quais é favorável o uso de critérios com boa especificidade. Quanto à validade de construto convergente, de forma geral, os resultados encontrados oferecem suporte para todos os critérios investigados, já que houve associação de IMC, dor atual e limitação funcional subjetiva com todos os critérios e a limitação funcional objetiva apenas não se associou à OA radiográfica e ao NICE. É importante ressaltar que a escolha de qual critério utilizar em um estudo requer levar em conta qual combinação melhor atende aos objetivos preconizados pelo estudo.

Introduction: the classification criteria for knee osteoarthritis (OA) available in the literature are usually divided into three main groups; clinical, clinical-radiographic and radiographic. The existence of different knee OA classification criteria makes it difficult to standardize and compare results in epidemiological studies, and also to investigate risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with knee OA. It is essential to understand the extent to which these different criteria are able to discriminate between subjects with and without OA. It is also important to know the strength of association of the following items with the different criteria: risk factors, the presence of pain and the functionality Objective: To evaluate the validity of different knee osteoarthritis (OA) classification criteria: radiographic OA, symptomatic OA, clinical and clinical-radiographic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the OA definition proposed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Method: A cross-sectional study of the validity of different knee OA classification criteria, radiographic OA, symptomatic OA, clinical and clinical-radiographic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the OA definition proposed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). The subjects were from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort (ELSA-Brasil MSK), an ancillary investigation on musculoskeletal disorders of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The ELSA- Brasil MSK follows 2901 active and retired civil servants at one of the six ELSA-Brasil investigations centers, located in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The present study was carried out using a convenience subsample with 250 male and female subjects aged between 39 and 78 selected from ELSA-Brasil MSK. The assessment was made by a rheumatologist (RCCM) between February 2014 and June 2015. Only one knee per subject was included i.e., the one that had OA according to the rheumatologist and, when both or none of the knees were affected, one knee was randomly selected for analysis. The performance of the classification criteria of knee OA described before was evaluated, using as reference-standard the clinicalradiographic evaluation of the rheumatologist. OA prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were presented (CI 95%; α = 5%). After that the construct validity of the criteria was evaluated by the relationship between the presence of knee OA identified by the criteria and the following explanatory variables: body mass index (BMI), pain and the functional limitation. The presence of current pain in knees and the subjective functional limitation were evaluated using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the objective functional limitation was evaluated by the five-times sitto-stand test (FTSTS). Associations were tested by bivariate and multinomial logistic regression models (CI 95% ;α=5%). Mean age was 56.1 years (SD=8.7); 51.2% were male. The highest knee OA prevalence was observed in OA according to the rheumatologist, followed by the NICE definition (36,8%) and radiographic OA (22.0%).The sensitivity and the specificity of radiographic OA were 51% and 96.7%, respectively, while the NICE definition showed 57.0% and 76.3%, respectively. The other OA criteria showed good levels of specificity, but the levels of sensitivity were below 30%. In the convergent construct validity evaluation, BMI, current pain and subjective functional limitation were associated with knee OA identified by all criteria. The magnitude of the estimates were particularly strong between current pain and OA according to the ACR clinical criteria (OR 21.7; 95%CI 7.12-66.12) and between subjective functional limitation and OA according to NICE (OR 32.5; 95%CI 13.4- 79.0). The objective functional limitation was associated with symptomatic OA and with clinical and clinical-radiographic ACR criteria. Conclusions: the present study demonstrated that among the evaluated criteria, radiographic OA showed the best performance, followed by the NICE OA definition. The other criteria, namely symptomatic OA, clinical ACR and clinical-radiographic ACR were not adequate for studies that aim to evaluate prevalence, due to the low sensitivity of these criteria. However, they may be an alternative in longitudinal studies in which it is appropriate to use criteria with good specificity. Regarding the convergent construct validity, overall, our results offer support for all of the investigated criteria, since there was an association of BMI, pain and subjective functional limitation with all the criteria and the objective functional limitation was not radiographic OA and NICE. It is important to emphasize that the choice of criteria for a study requires deciding which the combination best meets the study objectives.

Construct Validity and Reliability of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale-Malay (RSES-M) Among Upper Secondary School Students in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Self-esteem is important for the development of adolescent’s psychological well-being. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is the most commonly used instrument for measuring self-esteem. However, the Malay-language version of the RSES (RSES-M) has not been validated among upper secondary school students in Malaysia. Methods: We administered the RSES-M to 3349 students who participated in the Malaysia Adolescent Health Risk Behavior (MyAHRB) study. The construct validity of the RSES-M was assessed using exploratory factor analysis while internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach alpha. Results: The study identified two factors in the RSES-M. The variance for the first and second factor was 30.32% and 19.91%, respectively, Item 7 (I wish I could have more respect to myself) which showed a positive correlation with the positive wording contrasted with the original RSES. Such contrary may be due to social and cultural background difference. Conclusion: The translated version of RSES-M can be considered as a valid tool to measure self-esteem in upper school going adolescents in Malaysia. However, future studies to determine the psychometric properties of item 7 in the Malaysian setting are strongly recommended to enhance the validity of RSES-M

Validez de constructo y confiabilidad de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, en escolares de zonas rurales y urbanas de Cundinamarca / Construct validity and reliability of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, in schoolchildren from rural and urban areas of Cundinamarca

Resumen. El objetivo del presente estudio de tipo instrumental fue determinar la validez de constructo y confiabilidad de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, en escolares de zonas rurales y urbanas de Cundinamarca. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 258 escolares de la ciudad de Bogotá y de los municipios de Subachoque y Cógua, Cundinamarca, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M = 15.03, DT = 1.219); se les aplicó la escala, llevando a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, así como análisis de confiabilidad y consistencia interna. Los resultados muestran una escala unifactorial, que explica el 57.669% de la varianza total, con dicho modelo unifactorial confirmado, un alfa de Cronbach de .814, correlaciones positivas entre todos los reactivos y entre los ítems con el total de la escala, lo que permite afirmar que la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida cuenta con adecuados índices de validez y confiabilidad para ser utilizada como una medida en escolares de zonas rurales y urbanas de Cundinamarca.

Abstract. The aim of the present instrumental study was to determine the validity of the construct and reliability of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, in schoolchildren from rural and urban areas of Cundinamarca. The study involved the application of the scale on 258 schoolchildren from the city of Bogotá and the municipalities of Subachoque and Cogua, Cundinamarca, aged between 12 and 18 years of age (M = 15.03, SD = 1.219), carrying out exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as an analysis of reliability and internal consistency. The results show a unifactorial scale, which explains the 57.669% of the total variance, with said unifactorial model confirmed, a Cronbach's alpha of .814, positive correlations among all the reagents and between the items with the total of the scale, which allows us to conclude/state that the Satisfaction with Life Scale has adequate validity and reliability indexes to be used as a measure in schoolchildren in rural and urban areas of Cundinamarca.

Verification on Competency Model of Clinical Pharmacists in China / 医药导报

Objective To establish clinical pharmacists' competency behavior questionnaire and confirm the validity of the competency model of clinical pharmacists. Methods On the basis of previous model research, clinical pharmacists' behavior questionnaire combining the Likert scaling and literature retrieval method was established,and the competency model was verified by method of exploring factor analysis and " construct validity" and confirmatory factor analysis. Results Questionnaire included 47 characteristic projects and ten basic information projects.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 factors,whose content was in accordance with the model of competency characteristics.Cronbach 's alpha coefficients of each factor project were (0.510-0.961).Discrimination validity of the behavior questionnaire was good.T-test results showed good statistical difference between the outstanding group and the normal group, and the empirical validity of the model was better. Confirmatory factor analysis of structural equation model was acceptable,and the CIF was 0. 825. Conclusion The competency model is valid and can distinguish clinical pharmacists with excellent performance.

Propiedades psicométricas del instrumento Carga de la enfermedad crónica para el paciente GCPC-UN / Metric properties of the instrument Burden of chronic psychodisease for the GCPC-UN patient

Objetivo: Determinar el grado validez y confiabilidad del instrumento "Carga de la enfermedad crónica para el paciente ­GCPC-UN" Metodología: De tipo Metodológico para pruebas psicométricas validez y confiabilidad, el total de los participantes fue de 240 captados con aval institucional en tres escenarios ubicados en Bogotá Colombia: el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana E.S.E, la Asociación Colombiana de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica y la comunidad. Fueron incluidas aquellas personas mayores de edad con diagnóstico médico confirmado de enfermedad crónica por un periodo mayor a 6 meses, sin alteraciones en la conciencia o en fase aguda de la situación de salud y con capacidad de comunicarse. Para validez de constructo se implementó la técnica de análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), previa evaluación estadística de los datos que dio paso al AFE se identificaron dos enfoques principales: sin los ítems problemáticos y todos los ítems; para 64 escenarios construidos a partir de dos rotaciones: varimax y equamax, así como 4 métodos de estimación de cargas factoriales: componentes principales, mínimo cuadrados no ponderados (ULS), mínimos cuadrados generalizados (GLS) y factorización alfa, forzado a 3 factores. Se calculó el alfa de Cronbach para determinar la consistencia interna como atributo de confiabilidad. Resultados: El grupo de los participantes aporto diversidad, por cuanto se incluyeron individuos de diferentes comunidades, tanto en zona rural (27,9%) como urbana (72,1%); el 69% de los encuestados informaron estrato socioeconómico entre 1 y 2. Se encontró que el 48% reportaron como máximo grado de escolaridad primaria completa e incompleta, se abarcaron las experiencias de cronicidad en 14 tipos de diagnósticos médicos. Para simplificar el AFE se desarrolló una herramienta denominada "indicador de ajuste al factor" que se aplicó a los 64 escenarios diseñados para el estudio de las variables frecuencia, intensidad, nivel de amenaza o peligro percibido. Adicionalmente, se construyó una representación matemática de la integración de las variables para medir la carga, denominada "vínculo". Los resultados del AFE en los escenarios incluyeron análisis estadístico y conceptual para los dos enfoques mencionados. Se evidenciaron disociaciones constantes a lo largo del AFE para 5 ítems ya definidos como problemáticos: 15, 20, 25,31 y 39. Se encontró ajuste de los factores 1 y 2 con las dimensiones del instrumento; en contraste, la dimensión 3 no se asoció a su factor análogo. Para el cálculo de la consistencia interna en términos de confiabilidad se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach el cual fue de 0,925 para la escala en general, estableciendo buena confiabilidad al instrumento. El "indicador de ajuste al factor" constituye una herramienta útil para el análisis de un conjunto amplio de datos. Conclusiones: Para la interpretación de los resultados se debe correlacionar tanto lo estadístico como lo conceptual, teniendo en cuenta que no hay ajuste perfecto de los datos al modelo factorial ortogonal, el instrumento cuenta con propiedades psicométricas aceptables. Es necesario continuar con pruebas de validez de constructo que consoliden los resultados, previo ajuste semántico y conceptual en función de las disociaciones de los ítems problemáticos comunes. (AU)

Objective: To determine the degree of validity and reliability of the instrument "Chronic disease burden for the patient -GCPC-UN" Methodology: Methodological type for psychometric tests validity and reliability, the total of the participants was 240 with institutional endorsement in three scenarios located in Bogotá, Colombia: the University Hospital of La Samaritana ESE, the Colombian Association of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and the community. Those persons of legal age with a confirmed medical diagnosis of chronic disease for a period of more than 6 months, without disturbance of consciousness or in the acute phase of the health condition and with the ability to communicate were included. The technique of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was implemented for construct validity. After statistical evaluation of the data that led to the AFE, two main approaches were identified: without the problematic items and all the items; for 64 scenarios constructed from two rotations: varimax and equamax, as well as 4 methods for estimating factor loads: principal components, unweighted least squares (ULS), generalized least squares (GLS) and alpha factorization, forced to 3 factors. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated to determine internal consistency as an attribute of reliability. Results: The group of participants contributed diversity, in that individuals from different communities were included, in both rural (27.9%) and urban (72.1%); 69% of the respondents reported socioeconomic status between 1 and 2. It was found that 48% reported the highest degree of complete and incomplete primary schooling; chronicity experiences were included in 14 types of medical diagnoses. To simplify the AFE, a tool called "factor adjustment indicator" was developed, which was applied to the 64 scenarios designed to study the variables frequency, intensity, threat level or perceived danger. Additionally, a mathematical representation of the integration of the variables was constructed to measure the load, called "link". The results of the AFE in the scenarios included statistical and conceptual analysis for the two mentioned approaches. There were constant dissociations throughout the EFA for five items already defined as problematic: 15, 20, 25, 31 and 39. Adjustment of factors 1 and 2 was found with the dimensions of the instrument; in contrast, dimension 3 was not associated with its analogous factor. For the calculation of internal consistency in terms of reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used, which was 0.925 for the scale in general, establishing good reliability for the instrument. The "factor adjustment indicator" is a useful tool for the analysis of a broad set of data. Conclusions: For the interpretation of the results, both the statistical and the conceptual should be correlated, taking into account that there is no perfect fit of the data to the orthogonal factorial model; the instrument has acceptable psychometric properties. It is necessary to continue with construct validity tests that consolidate the results, after semantic and conceptual adjustment based on the dissociations of the common problematic items. (AU)

Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ): evidence of construct validity and internal consistency / Questionário de Regulação Emocional (QRE): evidências de validade de construto e consistência interna / Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (CRE): evidencias de validez de constructo y consistencia interna

Gather evidence of construct and convergent validity and internal consistency of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). A total of 441 students, mostly female (54.6%), with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 1.14), answered the ERQ and demographic questions. They were randomly distributed in two databases, which were submitted to exploratory (sample 1) and confirmatory factor analysis (sample 2). The exploratory results indicated a three-factor structure: Cognitive Reappraisal, Redirection of Attentional Focus and Emotional Suppression, which together explained 59.3% of the total variance (α = 0,67; α = 0,63; α = 0,64). For the confirmatory analyses, the following goodness-of-fit indices were found: χ² (24) = 67.02, p <0.001; χ² / df = 2.79, GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.88; CFI = 0.88 and RMSEA = 0.08 (IC 90% = 0.064-0.100). Thus, it is concluded that the ERQ possesses satisfactory psychometric indices, being the promising instrument for evaluation of emotion regulation. (AU)

Verificar evidências de validade de construto, validade convergente e consistência interna do Questionário de Regulação Emocional (QRE). Participaram 441 estudantes, a maioria do sexo feminino (54,6%), com idade média de 16 anos (DP = 1,14), respondendo ao QRE e dados sociodemográficos. Distribuíram-se aleatoriamente em dois bancos de dados, nos quais foram submetidos à análise fatorial exploratória (amostra 1) e confirmatória (amostra 2). Os resultados exploratórios apontaram uma estrutura trifatorial: Reavaliação Cognitiva, Redirecionamento do foco de atenção e Supressão Emocional, que explicaram conjuntamente 59,3% da variância total (α= 0,67; α =0,63; α= 0,64). Nas análises confirmatórias, foram encontrados os respectivos índices de bondade de ajuste: χ²(24) = 67,02, p < 0,001; χ²/gl = 2,79, GFI = 0,93; AGFI = 0,88; CFI = 0,88 e RMSEA = 0,08 (IC90% = 0,064 - 0,014). Desse modo, conclui-se que o QRE possui índices psicométricos satisfatórios, sendo um instrumento promissor para avaliação da regulação emocional. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar evidencias de validez de constructo, validez convergente y consistencia interna del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (CRE). Participaron 441 estudiantes, en su mayoría de sexo femenino (54,6%) con edad promedio de 16 años (DE = 1,14), que respondieron el CRE y datos sociodemográficos. Ellos fueron distribuídos aleatoriamente en dos bancos de datos en los cuales fueron sometidos a análisis factorial exploratorio (muestra 1) y confirmatorio (muestra 2). Los resultados exploratorios señalaron una estructura trifactorial: Reevaluación Cognitiva, Redireccionamiento de foco de Atención y Supresión Emocional, que en conjunto explicaron 59,3% de la varianza total (α= 0,67; α =0,63; α= 0,64). En los análisis confirmatorios, se encontraron respectivamente los índices de bondad de ajuste: χ²(24) = 67,02, p<0,001; χ² / gl = 2,79, GFI = 0,93; AGFI = 0,88; CFI = 0,88 e RMSEA = 0,08 (IC90% = 0,064 - 0,014). Por lo tanto, se concluye que el CRE posee índices psicométricos satisfactorios, siendo un instrumento prometedor para evaluar la regulación emocional. (AU)